Systematic review of the evolution of virtual assistants: from the first Chatbots to conversational AI
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Abstract
The evolution of virtual assistants has been a progressive process, from early attempts to mimic human conversation to the advanced artificial intelligence models we see today. This article presents a systematic review aimed at analyzing the most significant advancements in the development of these assistants, focusing on three key areas: natural language processing (NLP), machine learning, and deep neural networks. The methodology was based on a review of relevant literature on the development and implementation of these models. Among the findings, the introduction of ELIZA (1966), a pioneering but limited chatbot, stands out, followed by PARRY (1972) and ALICE (1995), which improved emotional modeling and NLP, although they were still based on predefined rules. More recent assistants, such as Siri (2011) and Alexa (2014), integrated machine learning and deep neural networks, achieving greater accuracy and personalization in interactions. ChatGPT (2020) is the most recent advancement, capable of generating coherent responses in real-time. The conclusions suggest that despite these advancements, there are still limitations in areas such as personalization and emotional understanding. It is recommended that future research address these challenges to enhance human-machine interaction.
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